The part that decides cost and life.
Learning Track · Module 5: Solar street lights · Step 36 of 101
| Type | Cycle life | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| LiFePO4 | 2,000 to 6,000 cycles | Most common now. Safe chemistry, good with heat. Needs a battery management system (BMS). |
| Lead-acid (gel, AGM) | 500 to 1,500 cycles | Cheaper, heavy, shorter life, poor at deep discharge. |
| Other lithium (NMC) | 1,000 to 3,000 cycles | Higher energy density, more sensitive to heat. |
- Heat is the main enemy. Every 10 °C above about 25 °C shortens life noticeably.
- Lithium batteries must not charge below 0 °C. The controller must block charging in cold weather.
- Ask for the warranty in years and in cycles, and for the end-of-life capacity (often 70% or 80%).
- Plan for battery replacement, often every 5 to 8 years. Include it in the cost of ownership.
Warning
Dispose of batteries through licensed recyclers. Damaged lithium batteries can catch fire. Store and transport them by the maker’s rules.
Sources
- IEC 62619
- IEC 62620 Secondary lithium cells and batteries for industrial applications
- UL 1973 Batteries for stationary applications
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