Turn kilowatt-hours into money and CO₂.
Learning Track · Module 4: Energy and carbon · Step 31 of 101
Showing content for Europe. Change the region at the top of the page.
Carbon = kWh × emission factor (kg CO₂e per kWh)
Europe: Grid factors range from under 0.05 to over 0.7 kg CO₂e per kWh by country. Use your national agency's value, or your supplier's market-based factor for certified renewable power. Examples here use €0.20 and 0.25 kg.
Middle East: Gulf grids run mostly on gas, with growing solar and nuclear. Use the factor from your utility or national agency. Examples here use AED 0.40 and 0.40 kg.
South Asia: In India, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) publishes the grid emission factor each year. Examples here use ₹8 and 0.71 kg.
USA: Use the EPA eGRID factor for your subregion. Factors vary a lot by region. Examples here use $0.13 and 0.37 kg.
Sources
- CEA CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector
- US EPA eGRID
- European Environment Agency greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity
Changes: 30 October 2026: First publication: guides for Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, and the USA; failure library; tender clause library; comparisons; tools; downloads. See the changelog. Found a mistake? Report it.